hand foot mouth disease adults

3 min read 14-03-2025

Meta Description: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is usually a childhood illness, but adults can get it too. Learn about HFMD symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention in adults from this comprehensive guide. Discover how to manage the discomfort and when to seek medical attention.

What is Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)?

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral infection. It's most often seen in young children under 5 years old. However, adults can also contract HFMD, although it's less common. The illness is typically mild and self-limiting, meaning it resolves on its own without specific treatment. It's caused by several viruses, most commonly Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71.

Symptoms of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Adults

While symptoms are generally milder in adults than in children, they can still be quite uncomfortable. Common symptoms include:

Fever: A low-grade fever is often one of the first signs.
Sore throat: A painful throat can make swallowing difficult.
Mouth sores: These are typically small, painful blisters or ulcers that appear on the tongue, gums, inside of the cheeks, and sometimes the roof of the mouth.
Skin rash: A rash often develops on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The rash may consist of flat or raised red spots, or small blisters.
Body aches: Muscle aches and general malaise are possible.
Headache: A headache can accompany other symptoms.

Important Note: While most adult cases are mild, severe symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. These can include difficulty breathing, severe dehydration, and signs of meningitis (stiff neck, severe headache, sensitivity to light).

Causes of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

HFMD is highly contagious. It spreads through:

Direct contact: Touching an infected person's saliva, nasal mucus, or fluid from blisters.
Indirect contact: Touching contaminated surfaces like toys or doorknobs.
Fecal-oral route: Ingesting contaminated food or water.

The virus is shed in the feces for several weeks after the initial infection, increasing the risk of spread.

How is Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Diagnosed?

Diagnosis of HFMD is typically based on a clinical examination of symptoms. A doctor will look for the characteristic mouth sores and skin rash. Laboratory testing is rarely needed unless the diagnosis is uncertain or symptoms are severe.

Treatment for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Unfortunately, there's no specific antiviral treatment for HFMD. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and relieving discomfort:

Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help reduce fever and aches. Do not give aspirin to children or teenagers due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
Mouth care: Gentle rinsing with salt water can soothe mouth sores. Avoid acidic or spicy foods. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush.
Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, especially if you have a fever or mouth sores.
Rest: Get plenty of rest to aid your body's recovery.

Preventing the Spread of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Preventing the spread of HFMD involves diligent hygiene practices:

Frequent handwashing: Wash your hands thoroughly and often with soap and water, especially after using the restroom and before eating.
Avoid close contact: Stay away from people who are sick with HFMD.
Disinfect surfaces: Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces.
Don't share: Avoid sharing cups, utensils, and towels.

When to See a Doctor

Most cases of HFMD in adults resolve on their own within 7-10 days. However, you should see a doctor if:

Your symptoms are severe.
You have difficulty breathing or swallowing.
You become severely dehydrated.
You suspect meningitis (stiff neck, severe headache, sensitivity to light).

Conclusion

While Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease is most common in children, adults can contract it too. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and prevention strategies is crucial for managing this viral infection. Remember, while most cases are mild, seeking medical attention for severe symptoms is essential for proper care and to prevent potential complications. Practicing good hygiene is the best way to protect yourself and others from this contagious illness.