lymph node locations neck

2 min read 14-03-2025

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that are part of the body's immune system. They filter lymph, a fluid containing waste and immune cells. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, often called swollen glands, are a common symptom of various conditions, ranging from simple infections to more serious illnesses. Understanding the location of these nodes can help in diagnosis.

Where are Lymph Nodes Located in the Neck?

Lymph nodes in the neck are grouped into several regions, each with its own drainage area. Knowing these locations can help doctors pinpoint the potential source of infection or inflammation.

Anterior Cervical Chain:

Location: This chain of nodes runs along the front of the neck, just beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle (the large muscle running from behind the ear to the collarbone).
Drainage: This group drains lymph from the face, scalp, and parts of the mouth and throat.

Posterior Cervical Chain:

Location: Situated at the back of the neck, along the edge of the trapezius muscle (the large muscle in the upper back and neck).
Drainage: Drains lymph from the scalp and back of the neck.

Superficial Cervical Chain:

Location: This chain sits more superficially (closer to the skin) in the neck, often noticeable under the skin.
Drainage: Drains lymph from the superficial areas of the neck and head.

Deep Cervical Chain:

Location: Located deep within the neck, along the carotid sheath (containing the carotid artery, jugular vein, and vagus nerve). These are often difficult to palpate (feel) without medical expertise.
Drainage: Drains a large area, including the throat, larynx, and thyroid gland.

Submandibular Lymph Nodes:

Location: These nodes are found under the jawbone, along the lower jawline.
Drainage: Drains lymph from the lower lip, mouth, and tongue.

Preauricular Lymph Nodes:

Location: Located in front of the ear.
Drainage: Drains the scalp and outer ear.

Postauricular Lymph Nodes:

Location: Situated behind the ear.
Drainage: Drains the scalp behind the ear.

When to See a Doctor About Swollen Lymph Nodes in the Neck

While swollen lymph nodes are often a sign of a minor infection, it's important to consult a doctor if you experience:

Persistent swelling: Swelling that lasts for more than two weeks.
Large, hard nodes: Nodes that feel firm or rubbery.
Painful nodes: Nodes that are significantly painful to the touch.
Fever or chills: Accompanying systemic symptoms.
Unexplained weight loss: Significant weight loss without trying.
Night sweats: Excessive sweating at night.

Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition.

What Causes Swollen Lymph Nodes?

Many factors can cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck, including:

Infections: Viral or bacterial infections like the common cold, flu, strep throat, or mononucleosis are frequent causes.
Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can lead to swollen lymph nodes.
Cancers: While less common, certain cancers can cause swollen lymph nodes. It is crucial to consult a physician if you have persistent or unusual swelling.
Other Conditions: Some less frequent causes include skin infections, allergies, and medications.

This article provides a general overview. The specific cause of swollen lymph nodes needs to be determined by a healthcare professional. They will perform a physical examination and may order further investigations like blood tests or imaging studies to reach a definitive diagnosis. Do not self-diagnose. Always seek professional medical help when dealing with health concerns.