ovarian cyst on ultrasound

3 min read 14-03-2025

Meta Description: Discover what ovarian cysts look like on ultrasound, different types, symptoms, treatment options, and when to seek medical attention. This comprehensive guide clarifies ultrasound findings and helps you understand your ovarian health. Learn about follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts, endometriomas, and dermoid cysts, with explanations of their appearance on ultrasound images.

What are Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. Most are benign (non-cancerous) and resolve on their own. However, some can cause pain or other symptoms, warranting medical attention. An ultrasound is the primary imaging technique used to diagnose and characterize ovarian cysts.

Understanding Ovarian Cysts on Ultrasound

An ultrasound exam provides detailed images of the ovaries and their internal structures. This allows doctors to visualize cysts, assess their size, and determine their characteristics. Different types of cysts appear differently on ultrasound:

Types of Ovarian Cysts and Their Ultrasound Appearance

Follicular Cysts: These are the most common type. They appear as simple, anechoic (fluid-filled) cysts with smooth, thin walls on ultrasound. They typically measure less than 2 cm.
Corpus Luteum Cysts: These cysts form after ovulation. On ultrasound, they may appear as complex cysts containing internal echoes or septations (internal divisions). They're usually less than 5 cm.
Endometriomas: These cysts are associated with endometriosis. They often appear as complex cysts with heterogeneous (mixed) echogenicity and internal debris on ultrasound. They can vary greatly in size.
Dermoid Cysts (Teratomas): These are germ cell tumors containing various tissue types (hair, teeth, fat). On ultrasound, they often display heterogeneous echogenicity with characteristic features like hyperechoic (bright) areas representing fat or calcifications.

What to Expect During an Ultrasound

A transvaginal ultrasound is commonly used for better visualization of the ovaries. This involves inserting a small probe into the vagina. An abdominal ultrasound may also be used, placing the transducer on the abdomen. The sonographer will move the probe to obtain multiple images.

The ultrasound report will detail the size, shape, and characteristics of any cysts found. This information helps the doctor determine the type of cyst and assess the need for further evaluation or treatment.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Many women with ovarian cysts experience no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can include:

Pelvic pain
Bloating
Abdominal swelling
Pain during intercourse
Irregular menstrual periods
Infertility (in some cases)

When to Seek Medical Attention

While most ovarian cysts are harmless, some require medical attention. Consult a doctor if you experience:

Severe pelvic pain
Sudden, sharp pain
Fever
Vomiting
Dizziness

Treatment Options for Ovarian Cysts

Treatment depends on the type, size, and symptoms associated with the cyst. Many small, asymptomatic cysts require no treatment and often resolve spontaneously. Larger cysts or those causing symptoms may require:

Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications.
Hormonal therapy: Birth control pills can suppress ovulation and prevent cyst formation.
Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a cyst (cystectomy) or the entire ovary (oophorectomy).

How are Ovarian Cysts Diagnosed?

Besides ultrasound, other diagnostic methods include:

Pelvic Exam: A physical exam to assess for tenderness or masses.
Blood tests: To check hormone levels and rule out other conditions.
CA-125 blood test: A tumor marker that may be elevated in certain types of ovarian cysts or cancers. It's not always conclusive.

Living with Ovarian Cysts

Most women with ovarian cysts lead normal lives. Regular checkups and monitoring by a healthcare provider can help ensure early detection of any complications. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can contribute to overall health and well-being.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment.