what to feed squirrels in winter

3 min read 16-01-2025

Winter presents unique challenges for squirrels. Finding natural food sources becomes difficult, and their energy needs increase to stay warm. Supplementing their diet with appropriate foods can make a significant difference in their survival. This guide will detail what to feed squirrels in winter, and what to avoid.

What Squirrels Eat in the Wild (and What They Need in Winter)

Squirrels are omnivores, with diets varying by species and season. In the wild, their winter diets typically consist of:

Nuts: Acorns, walnuts, pecans, hickory nuts, and beechnuts are staples. These provide essential fats and energy.
Seeds: Sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, and pine nuts are rich in nutrients.
Fruits and Berries: While less available in winter, any remaining fruits or berries provide valuable vitamins.
Insects and Fungi: Though less common in winter, these sources add protein and other nutrients to their diet.
Tree Bark and Buds: Squirrels may gnaw on tree bark and buds for sustenance during lean times.

What to Feed Squirrels in Winter: Safe and Nutritious Options

While you shouldn't aim to replace their natural diet, supplemental feeding during harsh winters can be beneficial. Here are some safe foods:

Unsalted Nuts: Offer shelled nuts like peanuts, walnuts, almonds, and pecans. Avoid salted nuts as salt is harmful to squirrels.
Sunflower Seeds: These are a favorite and a great source of energy. Choose black oil sunflower seeds for the highest nutritional value.
Pumpkin Seeds: Another nutritious and readily available option. Choose unsalted, hulled pumpkin seeds.
Corn on the Cob: A good source of carbohydrates, though it should only be offered occasionally.

Important Note: Always offer food in moderation. Too much food can lead to obesity and health problems.

What NOT to Feed Squirrels in Winter: Foods to Avoid

Certain foods are harmful or even fatal to squirrels. Avoid giving them:

Processed Foods: Bread, pastries, candy, and other processed foods lack nutritional value and can cause digestive problems.
Salted Foods: Salt is toxic to squirrels. Avoid salted nuts, chips, and pretzels.
Chocolate: Toxic to squirrels, even small amounts can be dangerous.
Dairy Products: Squirrels can't digest dairy products effectively.
Avocado: Contains persin, a toxin that can be harmful to squirrels.
Raw Meat: Not a natural part of their diet and can carry harmful bacteria.

How to Safely Feed Squirrels

Placement: Place food in a safe location, away from predators and traffic. Consider using a bird feeder adapted for squirrels or a platform feeder.
Hygiene: Clean feeders regularly to prevent mold and bacterial growth. Discard any spoiled food.
Moderation: Offer small amounts of food regularly, rather than large quantities infrequently.
Water: Provide a source of fresh water, especially during freezing temperatures. A shallow dish can work, or you can consider a heated bird bath.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Should I feed squirrels every day?

A: It's not necessary to feed squirrels every day. Supplementing their diet during harsh weather is sufficient. Monitor their activity and adjust food offerings as needed.

Q: How can I tell if a squirrel is healthy?

A: A healthy squirrel is alert, active, and has clean, bright fur. If you see a squirrel that appears lethargic, injured, or unusually thin, contact a wildlife rehabilitator.

Q: What if I find an injured squirrel?

A: Do not attempt to handle an injured squirrel yourself. Contact a local wildlife rehabilitator or animal control for assistance. They have the expertise to provide the necessary care.

Conclusion

Providing supplemental food for squirrels in winter can significantly improve their chances of survival. By offering safe, nutritious options and following proper feeding practices, you can help support your local squirrel population through the colder months. Remember to always prioritize their well-being and consult with experts if you have concerns. Helping these amazing creatures thrive adds a touch of magic to even the coldest winter days!